Smoking Tobacco Reduces the Risk of Parkinson Disease

Ascherio A, Schwarzschild MA. The epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease: risk factors and prevention. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15:1257-1272.

Mappin-Kasirer B, Pan H, Lewington S, et al. Tobacco smoking and the risk of Parkinson disease A 65-year follow-up of 30,000 male British doctors. Neurology. 2020;94:2132-2138.

Piao WH, Campagnolo D, Dayao C, et al. Nicotine and inflammatory neurological disorders. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 2009;30:715-722.

Kandel ER, Kandel DB. A molecular basis for nicotine as a gateway drug. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:932-943.

Bitzer ZT, Goel R, Trushin N, Muscat J, Richie JP Jr. Free radical production and characterization of heat-not-burn cigarettes in comparison to conventional and electronic cigarettes. Chem Res Toxicol. 2020;33:1882-1887.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreak of lung injury associated with E-cigarette use or vaping. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-disease.html. Accessed September 20, 2022.