Potential in vitro Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Activities of Various Extracts of Etlingera elatior Inflorescences.
Keywords:
Etlingera elatior, Torch ginger flowers, Anti-inflammation, Anti-oxidant, Nitric oxideAbstract
Introduction: Etlingera elatior (Jack) Smith, an edible plant in the Zingiberaceae family, used as food and folk medicine for earaches and wound cleansing. Although some parts of the plant have been studied for their anti-inflammatory properties, however, there is a lack of research on the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production of the inflorescences. The findings demonstrated its anti-inflammatory effects and suggested an effective extraction method for further investigation, quality control, and product development.
Objectives: This study aims to explore the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of E. elatior inflorescence extracts.
Methods: The bracts of E. elatior inflorescences were dried and separately extracted by 95%, 70%, and 50%ethanol maceration and decoction. The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, the anti-oxidant activity was assessed by DPPH scavenging assay.
Results: The 70%ethanolic extract of E. elatior exhibited both inhibitory effect on NO production (IC50 = 16.36 µg/mL) and DPPH scavenging activity (EC50 = 23.78 µg/mL), whereas the 95% ethanolic showed comparable inhibitory activity on NO (IC50 = 16.78 µg/mL) but not in antioxidant activity. EE95 also showed moderate inhibition of PGE2 production (IC50 = 45.26 µg/mL).
Conclusion: The ethanolic extracts of E. elatior inflorescences, obtained through maceration with 70% ethanol and 95% ethanol exhibited remarkable anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Consequently, it is imperative to further explore the 95% and 70% ethanolic extracts through in-depth research, including in vivo studies, phytochemical analysis, and anti-inflammatory product development.
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